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ProtocolThymosin alpha 1May 18, 2026

Thymosin Alpha-1 reconstitution protocol

Reconstitution of Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1), the 28-residue acetylated peptide studied for immunomodulation and TLR9 activation.

RECONSTITUTION & RESEARCH PROTOCOLS

Phase 3 RCT evidence

Research protocol intensities, summarized from published literature. The math is computed for the vial size you pick. Not a dosing recommendation.

Clinically used in 35+ countries (Zadaxin) for hepatitis B and immunomodulation. Multiple Phase 3 RCTs (Goldstein et al.).

RESEARCH MODE
Final concentration
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Reference research protocols from published peer-reviewed studies. Each card cites its source. This calculator is not a dosing recommendation. For research use only. Selection of any specific protocol is the responsibility of the qualified investigator under appropriate institutional oversight.

This protocol describes the reconstitution and storage of lyophilized Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) in standard research workflows. Tα1 is a 28-amino-acid peptide derived from the thymus, studied predominantly for immunomodulatory effects — it has been used clinically in some countries as an adjunct for hepatitis B research and as part of certain immune-modulation protocols. Values below reflect published handling literature; study design is the responsibility of the qualified investigator.

At a glance

Parameter Value
Recommended diluent Bacteriostatic Water (USP, 0.9% benzyl alcohol)
Recommended volume (10 mg vial) 2.0 mL
Final concentration 5 mg/mL
Stability — lyophilized ≥24 months at -20 °C, sealed, light-protected
Stability — reconstituted 30 days at 2–8 °C in original vial
Routes studied Subcutaneous (most common), intramuscular

Procedure

  1. Equilibrate the vial to room temperature.
  2. Sterile prep: wipe stopper with isopropyl. Use sterile syringe and needle.
  3. Inject diluent slowly along the inner wall.
  4. Swirl gently. Do not shake. Dissolution completes within 30–60 seconds.
  5. Verify: solution should be clear and colorless.

Compound notes

Thymosin Alpha-1 (sequence Ac-SDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAEN) is a 28-residue acetylated peptide. The N-terminal acetylation is functional — non-acetylated Tα1 has significantly reduced activity. When verifying a COA, the mass spec section should confirm the acetyl modification (theoretical mass includes the +42 Da from N-acetylation).

The peptide has a relatively short plasma half-life (~2 hours) but its biological effects on immune cell populations persist longer than the pharmacokinetic exposure would suggest — research protocols typically use daily or every-other-day dosing for in-vivo immunomodulation studies. The molecule is well-behaved in standard biological buffers and tolerant of typical ionic strength variation.

Mechanism: Tα1 activates Toll-like receptor 9 and influences dendritic cell maturation, which is the basis for both clinical (hepatitis B adjunct, immune reconstitution research) and laboratory applications.

Storage

Reconstituted Tα1 is stable for approximately 30 days at 2–8 °C. For longer storage, aliquot into sterile single-use tubes and freeze at -20 °C or colder. Lyophilized stability is ≥24 months at -20 °C light-protected.

Notes

This protocol describes reconstitution parameters from published handling literature. It is not a recommendation for any specific research protocol or design. For research use only. Not for human consumption.

References

  1. Goldstein AL, Goldstein AL. From lab to bedside: emerging clinical applications of thymosin alpha 1. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009;9:593–608. PMID: 19392576

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